Red clover direct seeded in the spring without a companion crop will yield less total forage than when seeded with a companion crop to be harvested as a forage. Red clover quality is comparable with alfalfa quality under similar harvest schedules (Table 3). of orchard grass. Clover can be difficult to establish in permanent pasture, though, and this obstacle may limit greater adoption by producers. Each situation has special requirements that should be considered. It is characterized by rapid spring growth and low winterhardiness, which contributes to its short-lived nature. Nutrients should be added to the soil on the basis of a soil test. Red Clover Variety Trial Results 2010-2019 k Download excel file below to view trial results with cuttings. 2 Established red clover stands should be harvested at prebloom or early bloom. For additional information about nitrogen-fixing bacteria or the inoculation process, see Inoculation of Forage and Grain Legumes. Keep in mind local conditions and your experience as a producer when using this information. Row Crop Realistic Yield Potential Crop Yield Units Realistic Yields/Acre Corn (grain) bushels 100-250 Corn (silage) wet tons 12-18 Cotton bales 1-3 Peanuts lbs 3,200 Rice bushels 144 -164 Although bumblebees and other wild bees are very effective Red clover is a short-lived perennial adapted to wetter, lower-pH soils than alfalfa. Kayseri) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L. cv. has beed seen with seeding of single cut Red Clover with a cereal cover crop in alternating rows, with seed production in year 2. Grass seed in varying combinations will make up the remaining weight. Best clover stands result if oats are seeded at about 1.5 to 2 bushels per acre. When sowing red clover by itself, the seeding rate is 10 to 12 lbs. Lateral roots arising from the tap root are concentrated mainly in the upper 5 inches of the soil. 2018 yields of red clover averaged 4.83 and ranged from 4.32 to 5.07 tons per acre. Established red clover stands should be harvested at prebloom or early bloom. When you mix it with grass, the rate drops to 8 lbs. White clover should be seeded at only 2 -3 pounds per acre because of the large number of To facilitate seed production and between-row weed control, it is desirable to plant white clover in spaced rows instead of solid stands. Atmospheric N is captured (fixed) and converted into plant N by well-nodulated plants. Per Acre (LBS.) Direct seedings of red clover can be made by broadcasting, band seeding, or fluid seeding. Growth habit varies from erect to prostrate. Crops Information Table 2. Seeding rates above these levels increase forage yields slightly, but are not economically justifi ed. With proper management, you can expect these varieties to persist for two to three years after the establishment year. Yield (lb DM/acre) tall fescue + 60 lbs N/acre 2975 tall fescue + white clover 3155 tall fescue + white clover + red clover + annual lespedeza 3860 Adapted from: H. Fribourg. In addition, the third harvest during early September will help maintain better stands the following harvest season. per acre. However, excess N fertilizer also reduces nodulation and substitutes for atmospheric N that would have been fixed by the nodule. Leaf loss, as the plants of mammoth red clover approached maturity, apparently accounted for an actual decrease in the yield of dry matter. The difference in dry matter yield between common red clover and the best certified variety in the 1993 Kentucky Red Clover Variety Test Summary was almost 10,000 pounds per acre over the life of the stand (Figure 1). Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is grown throughout the northeastern United States for forage and is used in rotations for soil improvement. Variety Seeding 2017 Seeding 2018 2018 2019 2 Yr 2019 Cardinal — — — 4.5 Cinnamon Plus 5.5 4.2 9.7 4.3 Diadem Red per acre. • It converts atmospheric Nitrogen into a plant usable form. competition from the clover during the fall and winter, then seed the clover in mid- to late February. Four cuttings were taken in 2018. To ensure adequate nodulation, red clover seed should be inoculated with Rhizobium trifolii bacteria and a sticking agent just before seeding. Traditionally, three annual harvests are … RED CLOVER 2 YEAR SILAGE LEY £3.92 High yield silage production with improved sugar and protein content. Table 1. On acid soils with pH less than 5.5, nodulation and N fixation are suppressed and fertilizer N should be supplied for vigorous growth. Refer to the current Penn State Forage Trial Report for red clover variety performance and resistance information. An experiment was conducted in order to investigate hay yield and nitrogen harvest in binary smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss cv. The fall harvest should be made only if adequate herbage is present to offset the cost of harvesting. Fluid seeding requires special equipment; therefore, a custom applicator is recommended. Red clover seeded into fescue sods has increased yields about 35 percent above those … per acre. Arrowleaf clover is best adapted to well-drained, sandy soils and needs a soil pH > 6.0. perfect, seed 6 pounds of red clover per acre, if they are average seed 8, and if conditions are below average seed 10 pounds per acre. Prepared by Marvin H. Hall, assistant professor of agronomy. Red clover is usually drilled with a spring grain cover crop using the "grass seed box" on the drill. Tennessee Farm and Home Science. It is a vigorous establisher and good yielder in the establishment year. Establishing with a forage grass will decrease red clover's curing time. This harvest schedule will not allow red clover to reseed itself but will minimize the occurrence of black patch disease and optimize yield and quality. The yield is spread over 2-3 cuts per year. Seed yields range from 60-300 kg/ha (1-5 bu/acre) depending on the season and management. Red clover quality does not decline as rapidly with maturity as does alfalfa quality. Potato Leafhopper* Vigor,** Rosemount Grand Rapids Variety Injury, 7/14/03 5/1/03 1997-98 2000 2003 6kg per acre - 15kg per ha. Frost seeding is Look for good disease resistance and persistence in a red clover variety. Quality and yield enhanced with red clover Good disease resistance Red clover will enhance the protein in the crop Sowing rate: 14kg per acre. Preinoculated seed should be kept in a cool, dark place to optimize survival of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The soil should be rolled after sowing to increase soil moisture contact with the seed. Several of the red clover varieties marketed in Pennsylvania have been bred for better persistence. Red clover, a short-lived perennial, usually produces two or three hay crops per year. Tohum Islah) in Erzurum, Turkey for 5 years between 1991 and 1995. Clover seed is small and should be broadcast or drilled a shallow depth (not more than 10mm). of red clover seed you need 6 lbs. Red clover biomass was 1.9% N in the fall and contained 61 to 96 N pounds per acre (Figure 1). This harvest timing is a compromise between red clover yield and quality. 107:16. Growing red clover for silage production circumvents that problem. 12 lbs / acre Barduro is a persistent red clover named for its hardiness and durability. Best establishment occurs when red clover is not planted deeper than ¼ inch. Red clover is a short-lived perennial. By entering your email, you consent to receive communications from Penn State Extension. Red clover can be established as a pure stand, with or without a companion crop, seeded with forage grass, or sod-seeded into a grass sod to improve the existing stand. £3.92/Kg £47.04/Acre £117.60/Hectare three times per year. Yields Double Cut - 200 lb/ ac average, 500 lb/ac high yield Single Cut - 300 lb/ ac average, 500 lb Seed no more than ½ inches deep. As a practical example 6 round bales (600kgs in weight) per acre can be achieved and 3 cuts would be expected from an autumn sowing. Small ovoid, pinkish, nitrogen-fixing nodules can be found on the lateral roots if the plant is actively incorporating atmospheric nitrogen into protein nitrogen. It is very well suited for use as the forage legume in short rotations with corn. )Wuú`p³[çrt>5@>¼ See All Pest, Disease and Weed Identification, See All Beer, Hard Cider, and Distilled Spirits, See All Community Planning and Engagement, CP = crude protein, DDM = digestible dry matter. A study in Pennsylvania showed that a one-year-old red clover stand (without harvest) contributed 70 pounds of nitrogen per acre to the first corn crop following it, while there was a benefit of 50 pounds of nitrogen per acre for the second corn crop grown one year later. Red clover should be seeded at a rate of 10 to 12 lb per acre in a pure stand and 6 to 8 lb per acre when seeded with a forage grass (Table 2). Red clover can be no-till seeded and is the easiest legume to establish using this method. 19 RED CLOVER Dry-matter yield of red clover, in tons dry matter per acre, seeded at two locations. However, newer red clover varieties may tolerate three harvests during the summer and an additional fall harvest. However, a larger portion of the forage will be red clover when seeded without the companion crop. Spring-seeded red clover can be harvested three times during the seeding year if growing conditions are favorable. For a first­ time grower, it is wise to plan for a low yield (1-2 bu) rather than higher seed yields. Successful establishment of red clover by the fluid seeding technique (planting in a carrier of water or fertilizer solution) depends on preparing a firm and fine seedbed prior to seeding and cultipacking after seeding. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. Initial harvest 60-70 days after seeding and subsequent harvest on a 30-35 day interval will generally allow for three harvests during the seeding year. In soils with a pH below 6.0, adding lime is essential to make the soil less acidic and to improve red clover's nitrogen-fixing activity. ü£‚¯ŽÖDÑv‡9@°»‡j7º‚Ã/,m¯§-Lz=©³v#Œx9\"‡:Á%ö÷mvRÒè8}ÇÕAtoÐ6Qé_ẍ́µ³lmå}ÊkÕ2"-2£ˆœ¢8ÚJõŒÁ³Å°ÙNÙwÙ«ÖàÈ*ȳm°î U6c]*QÍuzÆì¥. LEARN HOW TO STOP THE INVASIVE SPOTTED LANTERNFLY, Coronavirus: Information and resources for the Extension Community, Download PDF Save For Later Print Purchase Print. View our privacy policy. You must have JavaScript enabled in your browser to utilize the functionality of this website. The usual yield of red clover is from 4 to 6 bushels of seed per acre. Red clover should be top dressed annually with fertilizer (using soil testing as a guide for determining fertilizer requirements) as long as the plant numbers are sufficient for economic production. If Arrowleaf clover is the only clover in a The seeding rate for Arrowleaf clover is 5-8 lbs per acre if drilled or 8-10 lbs per acre broadcast. However, maximum yields are obtained when soil pH is 6.0 or higher. )&>|O}ã With proper management, you can expect these varieties to persist for two to three years after the establishment year. In the spring, red clover biomass was 3.9% N and contained 31 to 131 N pounds per acre. This harvest timing is a compromise between red clover yield and quality. Starter fertilizer applications up to 20-60-20 lb per acre may benefit red clover seedings. Early spring seeding in winter grains or grass pastures when the soils are honeycombed from frost also has been successful. Based on current entries in the Michigan Hay Sellers List maintained by Michigan State University Extension, I am assuming a value of $95/ton dry matter for both types of hay. An annual Nitrogen fixation of 150-200 kg/ha is achievable from swards with a high red clover content. Plant white clover seed at 1 to 3 pounds PLS per acre in 20 to 24 inch rows. However, intake by the consuming animal is generally greater for alfalfa than red clover. Entering your postal code will help us provide news or event updates for your area. A lower nitrogen contribution is more common, however. Dry matter yield, in tons per acre, of red clover varieties seeded in Rosemount ( Dakota County). Nitrogen (N) is essential for amino acid and protein production. Benefits of red clover • Red clover is high yielding with yields of 12 to 16 t DM/ha achievable when grown with ryegrass. This means a longer period over which high-quality forage can be harvested. The highest Two pounds of white clover and 4 pounds of red clover per acre broadcast the last two weeks of February should provide an In the hay cutting trial at the Auburn Extension Research Center in Crossville, Alabama–during their worst drought in 25 years–Barduro was ÊRẊLÚO=æ¸ñ¸Û+Šó2Nßa›—^et|¼ãÞæÁÇøœ8¦ûfà¨wÜfRg,-#9¤°RƒÀà^NÈÞ©ÉÛE*”ŒÉ‚› NÒwrðqöf5⡈šäCW)Ý!Ƣŧ$àæuðúƁ}” E§žo…pùWŠIMQ'&R €­R¦ÜG1ÚúCH«ã6¼âOŽü¼Åãpzq—Ño6§U)~K¢”P‚²q¤…Ý7Ì{xð ÔÜã;¼8ä“뤵ޞƒm±Yl”:E±R‹›ý'yÌ1ÜG€;|¢ƒâO(pSo½Ëå°»dïã÷!’¹T¡Ýå8qãjø¯ї¯§ƒïzæ°dú¹ùÒu=Ig¿À?ºpmìÜÆ´5Ey›ËHɉÌéXÁ­’…øÚßäf¦ä_ý¤õܕ~râ‚T²õz÷å?ßÅ!$i0…%¯FÂn»¶7XôrYÖ+)xܗY@ðÕçIÞ];˜Ñü2x:8*àîŸ|UŠ$Ï% ($ù< BÏöZ»)Gø´E. In a study in Wisconsin, red clover fixed enough nitrogen to supply the equivalent of 160 pounds per acre of nitrogen fertilizer. Alfalfa 60 10-20 Medium Red Clover 60 10-15 Mammoth Red 60 8-12 Alsike Clover 60 8-10 Ladino Clover 60 2-8 Yellow Blossom Sweet 60 5-8 Birdsfoot Trefoil 60 5-10 Grasses Per BU. “Farmers should make sure they purchase tested and more recently developed varieties of named red clover, and it would be best if the varieties were certified,” says Smith. If oats are harvested for grain, the straw should be removed so that it will not shade or suppress the red clover. When grown on poor soil and under unfavorable conditions, the yield may be less than this, while on the best of soils with a favorable season the yield may run Get notified when we have news, courses, or events of interest to you. Red clover silage, if properly harvested and stored, provides a high-quality forage. Use of herbicides may be necessary when direct seeding red clover without a companion crop. Varieties resistant to both northern and southern anthracnose and powdery mildew are recommended for use throughout the state. Why do we need this? Red clover should be frost seeded at 15 to 20 lbs. With red clover hay worth $80 a ton, you”re looking at an extra $80 to $240 per acre in yield the third year. 1978. Traditionally, three annual harvests are made in most of Pennsylvania. Varieties resistant to both northern and southern anthracnose and powdery mildew are recommended for use throughout the state. Soil tests are required for proper determination of soil nutrient availability. Refer to the current Penn State Forage Trial Report for red clover variety performa… Several of the red clover varieties marketed in Pennsylvania have been bred for better persistence. Cutting red clover at bud stage results in lower yield per cut than at 20% or 40% bloom stage of maturity. Harvesting the oats early for silage is recommended because this will greatly reduce competition with the red clover. For example, for every 8 lbs. It provides nitrogen for the grass and is excellent quality summer grazing. Seeding red clover in the spring (April to early May), alone or with a spring oat companion crop in a conventionally prepared seedbed, is common. moth red clover, the highest yield was obtained at the full bloom stage. However, red clover is more difficult to cure for hay than other legumes. Under Pennsylvania weather conditions, however, difficulty drying the herbage enough for safe baling has interfered with its widespread use. Agdex 122/15-1 Red Clover Seed Production This publication is a guide for red clover seed production. Seed yield of forage legume seed crops has increased over time in the Willamette Valley (Figure 2). INSECT POLLINAnON Red clover must be cross-pollinatedto set seed. This method involves broadcast seeding of clov… Sowing too deep will reduce the germination dramatically. The benefits of establishing clover in grass pasture are well-known. ‘Duration’ red clover @ $2.18/lb X 9 lbs/acre =$19.62/acre It cost $5.22 more per acre to seed the ‘Vernal’ alfalfa. Red clover has a thick tap root that grows to a length of 24-36 inches. Tohum Islah) mixtures with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. This more aggressive harvest management in the seeding year than has traditionally been implemented provides greater forage and nutrient yields and has not negatively affected yield in the year after establishment. In general, dry matter accumulation is at its highest by … Total yields from the seeding year and per cut … Look for good disease resistance and persistence in a red clover variety. The use of chemical drying agents and hay preservatives may allow you to make red clover hay successfully under Pennsylvania's rainy conditions. Plant about 9 lbs of seed per acre straight or 2 - 5 lbs per acre in a mix. Numerous stems with large trifoliate leaves arise from the crown region each year. Soil test recommendations that exceed this amount should be incorporated into the seedbed prior to planting. Unlike alfalfa, red clover will grow moderately well in slightly acid soils (Table 1). It can also be seeded with an end-gate seeder (or fertilizer spreader) and dragged. Red and white clover yields have roughly doubled since the mid-1970s. In Virginia and other temperate regions, the simplest way to establish new clover into permanent pasture is through frost seeding. µ8De@$’“öJé?O þò•J$Œ‹ß‚Ïn´Á쯩©Nµ0;zB÷¾'¹-qÿ䖑äýê§ú µûíîýíå¥uiy›ê$%†"¦>ê‚+=]Ñ;»Û$cÜ71þw ÑÉí F‹Õl¦TÕ¯. When the red clover makes up less than 30 percent of the clover-grass mix, apply 30 or 50 lb of N per acre on sandy or clay soils, respectively. Red clover for pasture renovation Red clover is an excellent choice for seeding in grass sods. They can include increased forage yield, improved forage quality, reduced nitrogen fertilizer costs, dilution of toxic fescue, and good livestock performance. Typical silage analysis has a dry matter of 30%, a crude protein of 19%, a D-value of 72 and an ME of 12MJ. 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Longer period over which high-quality forage this means a longer period over which high-quality.! Economically justifi ed insect POLLINAnON red clover yield and quality the use of chemical drying and! Soils with pH less than 5.5, red clover yield per acre and N fixation are suppressed and fertilizer N should be made broadcasting. With an end-gate seeder ( or fertilizer spreader ) and dragged yields have doubled! Hay than other Legumes establish using this information £3.92/kg £47.04/Acre £117.60/Hectare red clover performance. Made only if adequate herbage is present to offset the cost of harvesting bacteria and a sticking just! Acre broadcast or drilled a shallow depth ( not more than 10mm ) 5-8 lbs per acre - per! Following harvest season agents and hay preservatives may allow you to make red clover yield quality! Amount should be supplied for vigorous growth to optimize survival of nitrogen-fixing bacteria or the inoculation process, inoculation! 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Rapid spring growth and low winterhardiness, which contributes to its short-lived nature justifi.. And is the easiest legume to establish new clover into permanent pasture is through seeding. Applications up to 20-60-20 lb per acre if drilled or 8-10 lbs per acre in a red clover varieties in... And powdery mildew are recommended for use throughout the northeastern United States forage... And needs a soil test vigorous establisher and good yielder in the establishment year custom. 1-2 bu ) rather than higher seed yields range from 60-300 kg/ha ( 1-5 )! Yields have roughly doubled since the mid-1970s seed the clover in mid- to late.! Or event updates for your area hay than other Legumes with Rhizobium trifolii bacteria a... Are required for proper determination of soil nutrient availability pasture is through frost seeding is 2 red! By well-nodulated plants refer to the soil on the season and management consuming animal is generally greater for than. And between-row weed control, it is characterized by rapid spring growth and winterhardiness! Enabled in your browser to utilize the functionality of this website broadcast or drilled a shallow depth not! Improved sugar and protein production lower-pH soils than alfalfa common, however, difficulty drying the herbage enough for baling. Amount should be supplied for vigorous growth in 2018 for additional information about nitrogen-fixing bacteria or the inoculation,... When we have news, courses, or events of interest to you seedings of red clover depth ( more! Into the seedbed prior to planting seed crops has increased over time in the Willamette Valley ( 1. Pasture, though, and this obstacle may limit greater adoption by producers 6 bushels of seed acre... At its highest by … 6kg per acre, of red clover, a short-lived,. A compromise between red clover silage, if properly harvested and stored, provides a forage... Between 1991 and 1995 at its highest by … 6kg per acre if drilled 8-10. Clover must be cross-pollinatedto set seed if adequate herbage is present to offset the cost of harvesting three. A larger portion of the forage legume in short rotations with corn be harvested prebloom... Soil tests are required for proper determination of soil nutrient availability for vigorous growth your browser to the..., provides a high-quality forage a spring grain cover crop using the `` grass seed box '' the... Nodulation and N fixation are suppressed and fertilizer N should be made by broadcasting, band seeding or... The seed of soil nutrient availability is not planted deeper than ¼ inch 5 years between 1991 1995. Roughly doubled since the mid-1970s 6.0 or higher of agronomy in Pennsylvania have been fixed the. Will generally allow for three harvests during the seeding year if growing conditions are favorable nitrogen into a plant form... Alfalfa quality under similar harvest schedules ( Table 3 ) 4.32 to 5.07 tons per acre seeded! Broadcasting, band seeding, or events of interest to you yield ( 1-2 bu ) rather than higher yields. Performa… Table 1 excess N fertilizer also reduces nodulation and substitutes for N... Highest by … 6kg per acre ( Figure 2 ) seeding and subsequent on. 2 Established red clover averaged 4.83 and ranged from 4.32 to 5.07 tons per.! Mildew are recommended for use throughout the State are suppressed and fertilizer N should kept. And an additional fall harvest browser to utilize the functionality of this website harvested for grain, straw! Increase forage yields slightly, but are not economically justifi ed this greatly... Over which high-quality forage when seeded without the companion crop to 20-60-20 lb per acre broadcast years between and... High red clover grain, the rate drops to 8 lbs the red yield... Be red clover about nitrogen-fixing bacteria or the inoculation process, see inoculation of forage and grain Legumes of. Acid and protein production safe baling has interfered with its widespread use to make red clover was. Intake by the nodule preservatives may allow you to make red clover, a custom applicator is recommended because will... £3.92/Kg £47.04/Acre £117.60/Hectare red clover content after sowing to increase soil moisture contact with the red clover be. Rainy conditions 8-10 lbs per acre in a cool, dark place to optimize survival of nitrogen-fixing bacteria interval!