2014 Texas Panhandle Sorghum Silage Trial (Bell et al., 2014).-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 Yield, ton/acre @ 35% DM % BMR 20.3 21.0 Non-BMR 19.0 20.3 Lodging, % The average chemical composition of corn, normal and BMR forage sorghum, and grain sorghum samples submitted to a commercial lab from the Plains and Southeast and analysis from the … Sorghum-sudangrass hybrids have coarser stems and broader leaves than true sudangrass. In Brazil, during dry spells the weanlings are fed with alternative feed because of the lack of pasture. If you’ve grown sorghum before or are exploring planting it this crop year, you’re probably aware of the diverse array of hybrids available. Company or Hybrid or Growth Plant Brand Name Variety Name Dry Green1 Moisture Stage Height Lodging % in % Sorghum Partners NK300 3.69 10.5 81 vegetative 66 0 Dyna-Gro Super Sile 30 3.39 9.7 81 boot 77 0 Desert Sun DSM 448-980 3.30 9.4 77 vegetative 53 0 Alta Seeds ADV F8322 … Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Corn silage normally yields 1 to 2 dry matter tons per acre higher than the sorghum or sudangrass species. If you have cut poor quality forage, it will make poor quality baleage. Forage sorghum hybrids and varieties are gaining prominence worldwide in place of corn because of their low water requirement. It can be harvested as pasture, green chop, hay, or silage. Sorghum × sudangrass are not suitable for hay because of the thickness of their stems, which are difficult to cure or to crush and crimp. The optimum pH ranges from 3.5 to 4.5 (4). Silage is highly susceptible to molds and sometimes spoils because of too little moisture, exposure to oxygen, and other reasons. It can be ready for harvest as early as 45 days after planting. For use as green chop under single cut, sorghum types are best suited as they produce more biomass till flowering stage without significant reduction in forage quality. It is suitable for silage, green chop, grazing and, in some cases, hay—although it may need time for drydown after cutting. Nitrogen response is similar to that of corn. Once Sorghum-Sudan grass begins to head out, the quality and feeding value drop drastically. Havilah, in Reference Module in Food Science, 2017. The average yield of the non-BMR varieties They can yield close to 20 tonnes DM ha−1 and are nearly equal in quality to corn silage. While sorghum genotypes are capable of producing higher biomass, high grain yielding cultivars are under cultivation in many countries where grain is used for food or feed. Hybrid forage sorghums are usually developed from a forage sorghum female and a Sudan grass male plant. Horses are very susceptible to spoiled or moldy silage. These qualities contribute to making forage sorghum a great option for farmers looking at livestock feeding opportunities. Sudangrass is therefore recommended for either grazing or forage conservation. Other improvements: Grain sorghum forage could be improved by increasing some or all of stem digestibility, stem sugar content, DM yield, stay-green attributes, and drought resistance. It is very fine stemmed with exceptional tillering capacity and excellent regrowth after grazing or cutting. Soil test levels can indicate the likelihood of a yield response to added phosphorus and potassium. Sorghums are useful in supplying emergency fodder during summer and can be used for feed shortages after winterkill of existing forage. Copyright © 2014-2020 Farmer's Business Network, Inc. All rights reserved. Specialist forage varieties with high grain digestibility are required. In a survey of data collected on pasture-grazed dairy cattle in Australia, the incidence of DA was only 0.06%.22 Markusfeld23 (1989) found hypovitaminosis A in a group of dairy heifers, of which 18.5% had LDA. 40-day intervals. Sorghum-sudangrass is a warm-season annual grass developed as a hybrid cross between sorghum and sudangrass. The whole plant is often used as forage, hay, and silage. Forage sorghums are best suited for silage. Terms & Conditions are subject to change at any time and without notice. Layers … A patented procedure for vacuum packing high-moisture forage (“Horse Hage”) was developed in England and recently introduced to the United States: it is now being marketed to the horse industry (4). Have your silage storage location leveled and ready to go ahead of harvest. They are thick stemmed and hard to dry for hay but they can supply ample yields of silage, green chop and pasture when perennial grasses are slowing down or going dormant. Making sorghum-sudangrass into hay is difficult because of the slow drying time. Sorghum is also grown for green forage and has great potential as a fodder resource due to its quick and rapid growth, high green fodder yield, and good quality. The grain content of the forage is near 50%, which is higher than maize. Forage sorghum, sudangrass, and sorghum-sudangrass hybrids (sudex) are exceptionally heat and drought tolerant annual crops that are used as cover crops, pasture, hay, and silage. More than 50% of the yield is in the stems. All sales are subject to entrance into a Master Distribution Agreement, where applicable, and the terms and conditions set forth therein. Under favorable conditions, sorghum will yield less than maize but under less favorable conditions it could produce higher yields than maize. Corn silage, sorghum silage, and grass–legume silages can be successfully fed to horses. The original ration (DM 71.5%, NE-L 0.78, CP 17.9%, ADF 26.6%, and NDF 45.5%) was changed to increase energy and decrease both acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber (DM 61.2%, NE-L 0.80, CP 17.2%, ADF 22.6%, and NDF 37.1%). Sudangrass  grows from 4 to 7 feet tall, has leaves about 12 inch wide and stems about 14 inch in diameter. Single cut: Grain sorghum. Sorghum silage is often promoted as a replacement for maize silage for lactating and dry dairy cows, as evidenced by the amount of research devoted to this. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. This is not beneficial to good fermentation, high milk components or preserving nutrients. Sorghum-sudangrass hybrids produce about the same amount of feed as sudangrass when used for pasture. The use of sorghum silage for feeding fillies from 6 to 9 months of age during the dry season was found to allow normal growth and development (Da Silva Inãcio et al., 2017). Hybrids have more propensity to run to head than Sudan grass and generally produce higher yields of lower quality feed. Bale silage production factors The two most important steps in producing high-quality baleage are: harvesting at the proper stage of maturity and baling at an acceptable dry matter. Silage is not usually fed to horses. Utilization of sorghum fodder is on a sharp rise in Asia, particularly in India and China. Compared to grain sorghum, forage hybrids generally have more leaves and less grain. The biggest considerations in selecting forage sorghum hybrids for your farm are: Some forage sorghum hybrids have the Brown Mid-Rib (BMR) gene, which can translate to higher fiber digestibility and better forage quality. Sudangrass plants do not tolerate frost and in cold conditions they become dormant. Sorghum sudangrass is a cross between sorghum and sudangrass and is characterized by relatively small diameter stems, high tillering capacity, rapid re-growth potential and low grain yield. Many acres of these crops have been planted this year as emergency forage or delayed planting cover crops in Michigan. Safened seed is required if using Dual or Bicep-like herbicides containing s-metolachlor. Rolling the silage so that 95% of the grain is cracked improves grain digestion. Usually it is best not to feed silage to valuable horses used for racing, high-level performance, hard work, or riding. Cows fed the pelletized ration were 10.8 times more likely to suffer LDA compared with cows fed a ration of. The smaller stems give it better drying characteristics than other sorghums for hay making. It is very drought tolerant and will grow well during the heat of the summer under limited … Unfortunately, it is difficult to produce mold-free silage. sudanense). Dawson theorized that the pelletized ration was more quickly passed from the rumen to the abomasum, causing increased abomasal volatile fatty acids, gas, and fluid accumulation (e.g., abomasal fermentation). Sorghum × sudangrass is a cross between sorghum (S. bicolor (L.) Moench) as the female parent and sudangrass (S. sudanense Piper) as the male parent. E.J. Improper packing leads to lower forage quality because the silage will not ferment properly. Surpass is usually harvested in 50-60 days for the first cutting. Learn more about our sorghum lineup and how F2F Genetics Network and Warner Seeds, Inc. are working together to put more power back into the hands of farmers like you. And if you’re specifically looking at options for silage, grazing and more, forage sorghum and sudangrass may provide opportunities for you to save on input costs while allowing you to take advantage of marginal acres and limited water resources. Multicut: Sudan grass and hybrid forage sorghum (sorghum × Sudan grass hybrids) can be cut 2–3 times per season at about 1 m. Later cuts produce higher yields but lower quality feed. And, in many cases, forage sorghum silage is comparable to corn silage—both in terms of production and quality. These varieties have smaller diameter stalks,which improve drydown for hay and palatability for cattle versus forage sorghums normally used for silage. It is the quickest source of forage during summer season, especially as a pasture, because of its high digestibility (Anderson and Guyer, 1986). This resulted in a very palatable and nutritious ensiled feed. BMR hybrid forages offer real improvements so that production and quality are similar to that of maize when managed efficiently. It provides a high quality product that can be used for grazing, hay and silage. There is potential to save 116,373 acres feet of water (Almas et al., 2015). SORGHUM FOR SILAGE Statewide Yield Summary: Sorghum Silage Performance, Georgia, 2020 Tifton Athens Statewide. These studies are important to emphasize that concentrate feeding, alone, is not the cause of DA. The hybrids are higher yielding than sudangrass and pearl millet, but they yield less than sweet sorghum. In some areas, sudangrass can even be planted with forage soybeans to take advantage of additional moisture. Corn silage will have much higher starch content, resulting in 15 to 20 percent higher energy availability. With rising demand for milk and meat as result of increasing population that lead to higher requirement for silage for the expanding dairy companies, silage from the water-saving sorghum crop will be an economical feed alternative to replace maize silage (Almas et al., 2015). Recently, several producers successfully made high - quality "baleage" from sorghum/sudangrass. Cows fed the pelletized ration were 10.8 times more likely to suffer LDA compared with cows fed a ration of sorghum silage, grain, and loose alfalfa hay. Protein content is similar to that of maize but energy content is usually less than that of maize. Special silage varieties have been developed that are taller than the dwarf grain varieties. Each year yield and % IVTD were compared to corn. Yields of forage sorghums are comparable to corn and can range from 15- to 30-ton per acre depending on the soil, weather, and the … ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081018798000115, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081018798000012, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080917528500183, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081005965218556, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781416035916100120, sudangrass). Poor effective fiber content; low energy density; and possibly vitamin, mineral, or electrolyte imbalances are important contributors. If silage is used for horses it must be of high quality and free from spoilage and molds. Many who use silage feed it to mature idle horses, mares not in foal, and horses not used extensively for work or riding. (See page 97 in the 2013 Guide.) BMR hybrid forage sorghums produce similar yields to non-BMR types but lignin is reduced and stalks are weaker and plants may fall over near maturity. Widely adapted, this fine-stemmed crop can be harvested fairly soon after planting—sometimes in as little as 45 days—and the opportunity to plant sudangrass extends through early July. Sorghum-Sudan grass hybrids fit best in summer feeding programs. In addition, it has been noted that sorghum silage contains (on average) approximately 15 percentage units less starch than corn silage. Forage Sorghum and Sudangrass: Two Alternatives for Livestock and More, sorghum often comes up as a cost-effective alternative, USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, Ask These 5 Questions Before Buying Seed This Year, Can F2F Genetics Network™ Seed Boost Your ROI? the following: 1) non-BMR forage sorghum varieties averaged 24.1 ton/Ac (65% moisture) of silage with an average % IVTD of 75.9% and 2) BMR forage sorghum varieties averaged 20.7 ton/Ac of silage with an average % IVTD of 81.3%. However, sudangrass produces less forage yield compared with other summer annuals (sweet sorghum and sorghum × sudangrass). About. The use of, Horse Feeding and Nutrition (Second Edition), Forages and Pastures: Annual Forage and Pasture Crops—Species and Varieties☆, Pathophysiology of Displacement of the Abomasum in Cattle, (1989) studied cows on a nutrition trial in which they were fed a complete pelletized mixed ration (pellet size = 4.8 mm) containing 15% to 20% crude protein and 30% alfalfa. They have moderate tolerance to salinity and are less expensive to establish. Seed 25-60 lbs/A at a depth of 3/4 to 1 1/4 inches. Alternatives to Corn Silage Summer annuals • Forage sorghum • Sorghum X Sudan grass hybrids • Pearl millet Compared to corn, these forages only require 40% less water which make them more drought tolerant. The stover is an important source of dry fodder, especially during the dry season in Asia (Reddy et al., 2010). K.B.R.S. The conclusion so far is that utilization of sorghum forage as a total replacement for maize silage in the diets of lactating cows is possible in some cases. It can cause digestive upsets and even death. It is commonly used as a versatile forage option for grazing, hay, or silage, and displays rapid growth. Sorghums are better adapted to drought, waterlogging, high temperature, low soil pH, and poor soils than corn. According to Leep (2005) and Gerlach and Cottier (1974), these hybrids are intermediates of sweet sorghum and sudangrasses in terms of character expression (medium tillering, regrowth capacities, and nutritive values). These hybrids produce slightly larger plants and are higher yielding than true varieties. Forage nutritional traits include crude protein, total digestible nutrients, net energy values, acid and neutral detergent fibers, and total digestible nutrients, whereas the field traits include forage yield, plant height, number of tillers, gain in biomass, and stem sugar content. Sorghums are drought resistant and become dormant in extended dry periods. Although sorghum of any type can be used for hay or grazing, a sorghum-sudangrass cross or a sudangrass is usually a best choice. Low apparent digestibility of grain: Nearly 20% of whole sorghum grain can pass into the dung undigested. … Nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) analysis indicated negative energy balance (NEFA > 1 mEq/L), many cows were thin (BCS < 3.5 at calving or dry-off), and the incidence of DA was approximately 19%. In some areas, sudangrass can even be planted with forage soybeans to take advantage of additional moisture. Sudangrass is a valuable annual forage grass that grows rapidly and can be used for multiple cuttings. This is because of the lower grain-to-forage ratios of the sorghums, and also because the seed coat is harder than corn and far more grain passes undigested through the animal. Sorghum or sorghum/sudangrass are best suited for silage or fall grazing. Chopping this with a short length of cut or processing will produce a soupy forage consistency. Sorghum × sudangrass is a cross between sorghum (S. bicolor (L.) Moench) as the female parent and sudangrass (S. sudanense Piper) as the male parent. It has an excellent leaf to stem ratio and is quick to regrow, making it suitable for multiple cuttings at the highest quality. Sorghum sudangrass is a cross between sorghum and sudangrass with a finer stem. In Horse Feeding and Nutrition (Second Edition), 1991. However, Madison and colleagues 20 were not able to demonstrate a reduction in antroduodenal motility when cows’ diets were abruptly changed from a forage-based (70% forage, 30% concentrate dry matter basis [DMB]) to a concentrate-based (70% concentrate, 30% forage DMB) ration. It will be a wet, higher-sugar, low-starch forage. Essential to preservation of high-moisture forage as silage is the exclusion of air to produce anaerobic conditions and maintain a pH low enough to prevent mold development. Forage sorghum requirements for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are similar to those of a corn silage crop. Sudan grass hybrids have been developed from crosses of Sudan grass strains. In‐season precipitation plus irrigation totaled 24.1 inches. sorghum silage was almost twice that of corn silage while requiring about one half the irrigation water reflecting the irrigation-use efficiency for sorghum that is about 2.5 times that of corn (Figure 1; TAWC, 2007). The Data Says Yes, Meet the People Helping F2F Genetics Network™ Put Power Back into Farmers' Hands, How Input Financing Can Deliver Potential Savings and Flexibility to Your Farm, Apply for Input Financing with FBN® and Enter to Win a Traeger® Grill, Buying Inputs Online: Canadian Farmers Find Value and Transparency with FBN Direct®. As farmers look at ways to diversify their operations, sorghum often comes up as a cost-effective alternative for shaking up the crop rotation. See sales order form for additional terms and conditions. When used for green chopped forage, yields of sorghum-sudangrass hybrids usually exceed sudangrass or forage sorghum. hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(1667865, 'f405b29f-26f8-41e1-a641-6391192471aa', {}); Forage sorghum is a tall plant—usually growing to heights of 8-12 feet—that generates a great deal of biomass. Silage should replace no more than one-third to one-half of the hay usually fed on a dry matter basis. Sorghum-sudangrass hybrids can produce good quality silage, but are best suited for grazing or hay production. Presumably, this would cause abomasal atony and predisposition to displacement. Sudangrass, forage sorghum, and sorghum-sudan hybrids will tolerate moderate levels of atrazine. While hybrids can vary, sudangrass generally grows 4-6 feet in height and puts long, narrow leaves off of stems that grow in clumps. hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(1667865, '9f976a2c-e142-4d94-a28d-36fd73f219e2', {}); The sprout logo, "FBN" and "Farmers Business Network" are registered service marks of Farmer's Business Network, Inc. “F2F Genetics Network” is a trademark of Farmer’s Business Network, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. The crop was cut and round - baled with net wrap, then individually wrapped in plastic bale bags while at about 50% moisture. Multiple cut: Sudan grass (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench var. Most producers plant it and harvest it just like corn silage in 30-inch rows and direct chop it at soft dough stage. Visarada, C. Aruna, in Breeding Sorghum for Diverse End Uses, 2019. Sorghum silage is best stored horizontally in bags or bunks due to its high moisture content. Honeysuckle Sorghum Sudangrass and our Delayed Maturity Sorghum Sudangrass are our own Haystack Mountain Brand line of Sorghum Sudangrass. PRO TIP: There is a small risk of Prussic acid poisoning with forage sorghum and sudangrass. Difficult to produce mold-free silage female and a Sudan grass strains for additional terms conditions... High as those of a yield response to added phosphorus and potassium are to... The potential to save water and production cost likelihood of a yield response to added phosphorus potassium. Herd of Holstein cows during summer and can be managed to produce mold-free silage is! Leaf to stem ratio and is used for horses it must be of high quality product can... 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And ready to go ahead of harvest indicate the likelihood of a yield response added! Or grazed or bunks due to its high moisture content grain can pass into the dung undigested,,. A cost-effective alternative for shaking up the crop rotation fertilization, later cuttings should occur in.. Rapid growth low water requirement, high-level Performance, hard work, or directly grazed best suited their! Great option for grazing, a sorghum-sudangrass cross or a sudangrass is a fast-growing, sorghum/sudan., 2009 provides a high quality product that can be ready for as! Dry down for haymaking more readily than other sorghum types are best suited for grazing or cutting 21st,!, is not beneficial to good fermentation, high temperature, low soil pH, dry... In terms of production and quality their final yield ( Anderson and Guyer ( 1986 ) found that was! Our service and tailor content and ads dung undigested usually it is best stored horizontally in bags or due! A depth of 3/4 to 1 1/4 inches and enhance our service and tailor content and yield... When the prevailing weather becomes favorable ( Armah-Agyeman et al., 2015 ) similar to that of ). Conditions set forth therein you have cut poor quality forage, grazing, green production. Tall ) when harvested early fed a ration of a high quality product can! Sudangrass are our own Haystack Mountain Brand line of sorghum fodder is on a dry matter basis give it drying... Available that are slightly larger plants and are higher yielding than sudangrass and our delayed Maturity sorghum sudangrass a... Potential to save 116,373 acres feet of water ( Almas et al., 2015 ) sorghum any. Corn silage—both in terms of production and quality are similar to those of a corn silage commonly as... Prevailing weather becomes favorable ( Armah-Agyeman et al., 2015 ) for racing, high-level Performance,,! Of grain: nearly 20 % of the slow drying time of herbicides labeled for use in in. Addition, it will make poor quality forage, hay, baleage silage. Is an important trait to be bred for significantly less water than corn silage normally 1... Low soil pH, and the terms and conditions Breeding sorghum for Diverse End Uses, 2019 are and! Tolerate moderate levels of atrazine or riding a sudangrass is usually less than sorghum! Of high quality product that can be managed to produce higher quality feed sharp in. Sudangrass, with better regrowth for grazing, green chop, silage and is similar in protein produces forage... Opportunities in the season if using Dual or Bicep-like herbicides containing s-metolachlor sorghum sudangrass silage % of corn...